【資料名稱】：CDMA2000 1x & EV-DO network planning(2)

【資料作者】：QUALCOMM Incorporated.

【資料日期】：2008

【資料語言】：英文

【資料格式】：PDF

【資料目錄和簡介】：

Table of Contents – Book 2
Section 8: Traffic and Capacity........................................................... 8-1
Section Learning Objectives .................................................................... 8-2
General Traffic Engineering
Traffic Terminology..................................................................... 8-3
System Definitions....................................................................... 8-4
Metrics ......................................................................................... 8-5
Terminology................................................................................. 8-6
Erlang Theory .............................................................................. 8-7
Characterization ........................................................................... 8-8
Load .......................................................................................... 8-9
Erlang Theory ............................................................................ 8-10
Erlang-B Formula .................................................................................. 8-11
Erlang-B Table....................................................................................... 8-12
General Traffic Engineering
Graphical Representation of Erlang Concepts ........................... 8-13
Offered versus Carried............................................................... 8-14
Erlang-C Formula ...................................................................... 8-15
PS Data....................................................................................... 8-16
PS Traffic Parameters ............................................................................ 8-17
Packet Size and Packet Occurrence Probability .................................... 8-18
PS Data Traffic Model ........................................................................... 8-19
M/M/1 Queuing Theory......................................................................... 8-20
M/M/1 Queue ........................................................................................ 8-21
Latency Defined..................................................................................... 8-22
M/M/1 Queuing Theory – Definitions................................................... 8-23
Latency and Total Delay........................................................................ 8-25
Forward Link Capacity Estimation – Example...................................... 8-26
Impact of Latency Requirement............................................................. 8-27
Impact of Page Size ............................................................................... 8-28
General Traffic Engineering – Multi-Erlang Concepts ......................... 8-29
Traffic Engineering – Multi-Service...................................................... 8-30
Case Study ........................................................................................ 8-31
Multi-Erlang ........................................................................................ 8-32
General Traffic Engineering – CDMA and Traffic Engineering........... 8-33
CDMA Impacts on Traffic Engineering ................................................ 8-34
Resource Utilization in CDMA Networks............................................. 8-35
BTS ........................................................................................ 8-36
Hard Blocking Resources .......................................................... 8-37
Impact of Soft and Softer Handoff on Resource Utilization.................. 8-38
Multi-Erlang and M/M/1........................................................................ 8-39
Traffic and Capacity – What Did We Learn? ........................................ 8-40
Section 9: Capacity and Dimensioning ............................................... 9-1
Section Learning Objectives .................................................................... 9-2

CDMA2000 RL Capacity ........................................................................ 9-3
Reverse Link CDMA Capacity ............................................................... 9-4
Fundamentals ............................................................................... 9-5
Mobile Signal Power at BTS ....................................................... 9-6
Theoretical UL Capacity for Voice Only................................................. 9-7
Eb/Nt Sensitivity....................................................................................... 9-8
Impact of Network Planning on Alpha (Interference Factor).................. 9-9
CDMA2000 FL Capacity....................................................................... 9-10
Forward Link Capacity Calculation....................................................... 9-11
1xEV-DO FL Capacity .......................................................................... 9-12
Best Effort, Full Buffer .......................................................................... 9-13
Maximum Theoretical Sector Throughput............................................. 9-14
Maximum Theoretical Throughput Considering Overhead................... 9-15
Practical Sector Throughput (Best Effort, Full Buffer) ......................... 9-16
C/I Distribution of a Grid Network........................................................ 9-18
Practical Sector Throughput (Best Effort, Non-full Buffer) .................. 9-19
Equivalent Throughput Consumed by HTTP Users .............................. 9-20
1xEV-DO RL Capacity.......................................................................... 9-21
Reverse Link Capacity........................................................................... 9-22
Typical Values for Reverse Link Capacity Estimation.......................... 9-23
VoIP (or VT) Sector Throughput........................................................... 9-24
EV-DO Capacity Summary ................................................................... 9-25
Rev A Single Service Capacity – Summary .......................................... 9-26
Rel 0 Single Service Capacity – Summary............................................ 9-27
Capacity Numbers Used for Dimensioning ........................................... 9-28
PS Data Applications and Dimensioning............................................... 9-29
PS Data Call Model ............................................................................... 9-30
PS Data Considerations.......................................................................... 9-31
Packet Size and Packet Occurrence Probability .................................... 9-32
Applications Considered for PS Data Call Model ................................. 9-33
Application Summary ............................................................................ 9-34
Dimensioning ........................................................................................ 9-35
Goals ........................................................................................ 9-36
Dimensioning ........................................................................................ 9-37
Rev A
Reverse Link, VoIP and BE....................................................... 9-38
Forward Link, Multi-service (VT and BE) ................................ 9-39
Rev A Gain over Rel 0 Users................................................................. 9-40
Forward Link, Mixed Mode: Rel 0 and Rev A...................................... 9-41
Multi-service Dimensioning .................................................................. 9-42
Reverse Link .............................................................................. 9-43
Capacity ..................................................................................... 9-44
Example ..................................................................................... 9-45
Example: Reverse Link, Multi-service Tradeoff ...................... 9-46
Exercises ........................................................................................ 9-47
1X Dimensioning................................................................................... 9-48

1X Example ........................................................................................ 9-50
Voice versus Data Throughput .............................................................. 9-51
Reference Material................................................................................. 9-52
DRC Mapping Table Example (Rel 0) .................................................. 9-53
DRC Mapping Table Example (Rev A)................................................. 9-54
1xEV-DO Reverse Link Payload Size................................................... 9-55
Forward Link and Reverse Link – Application Payload Size................ 9-56
Capacity and Dimensioning – What Did We Learn?............................. 9-57
Section 10: Tools Overview................................................................ 10-1
Section Learning Objectives .................................................................. 10-2
Basics ........................................................................................ 10-3
Network Planning Tools ........................................................................ 10-4
Bins ........................................................................................ 10-5
Network Planning Tools
General Features ....................................................................... 10-7
CDMA2000 Features ................................................................. 10-9
3G Simulation Approaches .................................................................. 10-11
Monte Carlo Simulation....................................................................... 10-12
Network Planning Tools – Monte Carlo Simulation ........................... 10-14
Tool Considerations
Selection Criteria: Compatibility............................................. 10-15
Additional Selection Criteria ................................................... 10-16
Automatic Cell Planning Tools............................................................ 10-17
Basic ACP Concepts ............................................................................ 10-18
How Can ACP Help? ........................................................................... 10-21
ACP Recommendations....................................................................... 10-22
ACP Tool
Histograms ............................................................................... 10-23
Plots ...................................................................................... 10-24
Network Planning Tool Usage............................................................. 10-25
Monte Carlo Simulation
User Distribution...................................................................... 10-26
Reasons for Failures................................................................. 10-27
Increasing Coverage............................................................................. 10-29
Reducing Interference.......................................................................... 10-30
CDMA Prediction Plots and Displayed Parameters ............................ 10-31
Debugging................................................................................ 10-32
CDMA Prediction Plots and Displayed Parameters –
Advanced Evaluation............................................................... 10-33
Simulation Reports............................................................................... 10-34
Global and Site Level............................................................... 10-35
Mobile Level Analysis............................................................. 10-36
Tools Overview – What Did We Learn? ............................................. 10-37

Section 11: Layer 1 and Other Parameters ....................................... 11-1
Section Learning Objectives .................................................................. 11-2
Handoff (HO) and Network Planning.................................................... 11-3
Types of CDMA Handoffs – Overview................................................. 11-4
CDMA Soft Handoffs – Soft Handoff Flow.......................................... 11-5
CDMA Handoff Parameters .................................................................. 11-6
T_ADD ...................................................................................... 11-7
T_DROP .................................................................................... 11-8
SRCH_WIN_(A,N,R)................................................................ 11-9
HO Parameters and Network Planning ................................................ 11-10
Plotting Handoff Status on a Map........................................................ 11-11
HO Optimization During Network Planning ....................................... 11-12
Optimizing Soft Handoff ..................................................................... 11-13
Soft Handoff / Power Tradeoff ................................................ 11-14
Soft Handoff Increases RL Capacity ....................................... 11-15
Statistics ................................................................................... 11-16
Basic HO Optimization Steps .............................................................. 11-18
Handoff Optimization Example........................................................... 11-19
Handoff Parameters Optimization ....................................................... 11-20
Hard Handoff (HHO)........................................................................... 11-22
CDMA Hard Handoffs ........................................................................ 11-23
Triggers .................................................................................... 11-24
CDMA Pilot Beacon................................................................ 11-25
Hard Handoff with Pilot Beacons ............................................ 11-26
Hard Handoff Types ............................................................................ 11-27
Major Points............................................................................. 11-28
HHO Ec/I0 Thresholds ......................................................................... 11-30
HHO Zone Allocation.......................................................................... 11-31
Hard Handoff Planning – NL Planning ............................................... 11-32
PN Offset ...................................................................................... 11-33
What is PN Planning? .......................................................................... 11-34
PILOT_INC Parameter ........................................................................ 11-35
Pilot PN Offset
Assignment .............................................................................. 11-37
Planning ................................................................................... 11-38
PILOT_INC Parameter ............................................................ 11-39
PN Offset Conflicts – Aliasing ............................................................ 11-40
PN Planning Analysis
Constraints ............................................................................... 11-41
Recommended PILOT_INC .................................................... 11-42
Example PN Offset Reuse ....................................................... 11-43
Pilot PN Offset Assignment Plan............................................. 11-44
Neighbor List Planning ........................................................................ 11-45
Generic Considerations............................................................ 11-46
Tool Limitations....................................................................... 11-47
Using the Neighbor List........................................................... 11-48

Area Planning ...................................................................................... 11-49
Paging/BSC Planning – Paging Zones................................................. 11-50
BSC Planning – Base Station Controller Boundaries .......................... 11-51
SID/NID/BSC Planning
Common Considerations.......................................................... 11-52
Tool Limitations....................................................................... 11-53
Layer 1 and Other Parameters – What Did We Learn? ....................... 11-54
Section 12: Practical Considerations for Network Planning ........... 12-1
Section Learning Objectives .................................................................. 12-2
Antenna and Antenna Near Parts........................................................... 12-3
Near Parts................................................................................... 12-4
Antenna ...................................................................................... 12-5
Antenna Radiation Pattern ......................................................... 12-6
Surge Protectors/Lightning Arrestors ........................................ 12-7
Tails or Jumpers......................................................................... 12-8
Diplexer...................................................................................... 12-9
Feeder ...................................................................................... 12-10
Low Noise Amplifiers.............................................................. 12-11
LNA Noise Factor Calculation ................................................ 12-12
Summary.................................................................................. 12-13
Main Antenna Characteristics – Radiation Patterns ............................ 12-14
Antenna Selection
Based on Coverage Morphology ............................................. 12-15
Based on Electrical Requirements ........................................... 12-16
Based on Mechanical Requirements ....................................... 12-18
Antenna Downtilt................................................................................. 12-19
Optimum Downtilt ............................................................................... 12-20
Observations ............................................................................ 12-21
Antenna Downtilt
EDT: Narrow Beam ................................................................ 12-22
EDT: Large Beam.................................................................... 12-23
EDT: Large Beam.................................................................... 12-24
MDT Pros and Cons............................................................................. 12-25
EDT Pros and Cons.............................................................................. 12-26
Site Selection ...................................................................................... 12-27
Site Survey Checklist ............................................................... 12-28
Pre-Qualified Site Database..................................................... 12-29
Zoning Analysis ....................................................................... 12-30
Search Rings ............................................................................ 12-31
Site Off-Grid ............................................................................ 12-32
Height Difference..................................................................... 12-33
Site Off-Grid and Height Difference ....................................... 12-34
Understanding Future Growth ................................................. 12-35
Repeater Sites........................................................................... 12-36
Repeater Site Details................................................................ 12-37

Summary.................................................................................. 12-38
Practical Considerations for Network Planning –
What Did We Learn? ............................................................... 12-39
Section 13: Overlays ............................................................................ 13-1
Section Learning Objectives .................................................................. 13-2
How to Overlay EV-DO and 1X?.......................................................... 13-3
Same Band Overlay ............................................................................... 13-4
Adjacent Carrier Consideration ............................................................. 13-7
Case 1 ........................................................................................ 13-8
Case 2 ........................................................................................ 13-9
How a Non-Optimized 1X System Affects an EV-DO System .......... 13-10
Ec/I0 Plots ................................................................................. 13-11
DRC Rate Plots ........................................................................ 13-12
Comparison Plots..................................................................... 13-13
Voice Comparisons.................................................................. 13-14
Different Band Overlays ...................................................................... 13-15
Different Frequency Bands.................................................................. 13-16
Overlays – What Did We Learn?......................................................... 13-17
Section 14: Capacity Planning Considerations ................................. 14-1
Section Learning Objectives .................................................................. 14-2
Capacity Planning Considerations – Introduction ................................. 14-3
Initial Traffic Forecasting ...................................................................... 14-4
Initial Capacity Forecasting ................................................................... 14-5
Capacity Planning Considerations
Capacity Design Parameters ...................................................... 14-6
Subscriber Distribution and Growth .......................................... 14-7
Typical Capacity Design............................................................ 14-8
Forecasting for Capacity Planning............................................. 14-9
System Monitoring............................................................................... 14-10
Capacity Planning Considerations
Network Statistics Monitored for 1xRTT................................ 14-11
Network Statistics Monitored for EV-DO............................... 14-12
Increasing Capacity.............................................................................. 14-13
Capacity Planning Considerations
CDMA Capacity ...................................................................... 14-14
Introduction.............................................................................. 14-15
Introduction.............................................................................. 14-16
Uneven Traffic Distribution..................................................... 14-17
Number of Carriers per Sector................................................. 14-18
Adding a Carrier ...................................................................... 14-19
Capacity Planning Considerations – What Did We Learn?................. 14-20

Section 15: Course Summary.............................................................. 15-1
Ec/Io Calculation – Single Cell............................................................... 15-2
Reverse Link Budget – Summary.......................................................... 15-3
Forward Link Budget – Equality Coverage Comparison ...................... 15-4
CDMA Bands ........................................................................................ 15-5
Hata Cell Radius Graph ......................................................................... 15-6
Resource Utilization in CDMA Networks............................................. 15-7
Multi-service Dimensioning – Reverse Link......................................... 15-8
Different Frequency Band...................................................................... 15-9
Network Planning
Coverage .................................................................................. 15-10
Capacity ................................................................................... 15-11
RF ...................................................................................... 15-12
Network Planning Skills ...................................................................... 15-13

[ 本帖最后由 ccjjhh 于 2009-7-20 23:35 編輯 ]