【資料名稱】：FundamentalsofWirelessCommunication

【資料作者】：DavidTse,Berkeley

【資料日期】：September10,2004

【資料語言】：英文

【資料格式】：PDF

【資料目錄和簡介】：

Contents
1Introduction 12
1.1BookObjective...............................12
1.2WirelessSystems..............................13
1.3BookOutline................................16
2TheWirelessChannel 21
2.1PhysicalModelingforWirelessChannels............. ....21
2.1.1Freespace,fixedtransmittingandreceiveantennas.. .....23
2.1.2Freespace,movingantenna....................24
2.1.3Reflectingwall,fixedantenna...................25
2.1.4Reflectingwall,movingantenna..................27
2.1.5ReflectionfromaGroundPlane..................29
2.1.6PowerDecaywithDistanceandShadowing............ 30
2.1.7MovingAntenna,MultipleReflectors............... 31
2.2Input/OutputModeloftheWirelessChannel........... ...32
2.2.1TheWirelessChannelasaLinearTime-VaryingSystem. ...32
2.2.2BasebandEquivalentModel....................34
2.2.3ADiscreteTimeBasebandModel.................37
Discussion2.1DegreesofFreedom...............40
2.2.4AdditiveWhiteNoise........................41
2.3TimeandFrequencyCoherence......................42
2.3.1DopplerSpreadandCoherenceTime...............42
2.3.2DelaySpreadandCoherenceBandwidth.............44
2.4StatisticalChannelModels........................ .47
2.4.1ModelingPhilosophy........................47
2.4.2RayleighandRicianFading....................48
2.4.3TapGainAutocorrelationFunction................ 50
Example2.2Clarke’sModel...................51
2.5BibliographicalNotes............................ 55
2.6Exercises...................................56
3Point-to-PointCommunication:
Detection,DiversityandChannelUncertainty64
3.1DetectioninaRayleighFadingChannel............... ..65
3.1.1NoncoherentDetection.......................65
3.1.2CoherentDetection.........................68
3.1.3FromBPSKtoQPSK:ExploitingtheDegreesofFreedom.. .72
3.1.4Diversity...............................76
3.2TimeDiversity...............................76
3.2.1RepetitionCoding.........................78
3.2.2BeyondRepetitionCoding.....................80
Example3.1TimeDiversityinGSM..............86
3.3AntennaDiversity..............................88
3.3.1ReceiveDiversity..........................89
3.3.2TransmitDiversity:Space-TimeCodes............. .90
3.3.3MIMO:A2 × 2Example......................94
3.4FrequencyDiversity.............................100
3.4.1BasicConcept............................100
3.4.2Single-CarrierwithISIEqualization............. ...102
3.4.3DirectSequenceSpreadSpectrum.................109
3.4.4OrthogonalFrequencyDivisionMultiplexing....... ....114
3.5ImpactofChannelUncertainty...................... 122
3.5.1NoncoherentDetectionforDSSpreadSpectrum....... ..122
3.5.2ChannelEstimation.........................125
3.5.3OtherDiversityScenarios.....................127
3.6BibliographicalNotes............................ 131
3.7Exercises...................................132
4CellularSystems:MultipleAccessandInterferenceManagement143
4.1Introduction.................................143
4.2NarrowbandCellularSystems....................... 146
4.2.1Narrowbandallocations:GSMsystem..............147
4.2.2ImpactonNetworkandSystemDesign..............150
4.2.3ImpactonFrequencyReuse....................151
4.3WidebandSystems:CDMA........................152
4.3.1CDMAUplink...........................155
4.3.2CDMADownlink..........................170
4.3.3SystemIssues............................171
4.4WidebandSystems:OFDM........................174
4.4.1AllocationDesignPrinciples.................... 174
4.4.2HoppingPattern..........................175
4.4.3SignalCharacteristicsandReceiverDesign........ ....177
4.4.4Sectorization............................178
Example4.1Flash-OFDM....................179
4.5BibliographicalNotes............................ 181
4.6Exercises...................................182
5CapacityofWirelessChannels 195
5.1AWGNChannelCapacity.........................196
5.1.1RepetitionCoding.........................196
5.1.2PackingSpheres...........................197
Discussion5.1Capacity-AchievingAWGNChannelCodes..199
5.2ResourcesoftheAWGNChannel.....................201
5.2.1Continuous-TimeAWGNChannel.................202
5.2.2PowerandBandwidth.......................202
Example5.2BandwidthReuseinCellularSystems......205
5.3LinearTime-InvariantGaussianChannels............ ....209
5.3.1SingleInputMultipleOutput(SIMO)Channel........ .209
5.3.2MultipleInputSingleOutput(MISO)Channel........ .210
5.3.3Frequency-SelectiveChannel.................... 211
5.4CapacityofFadingChannels........................ 217
5.4.1SlowFadingChannel........................218
5.4.2ReceiveDiversity..........................221
5.4.3TransmitDiversity.........................222
5.4.4TimeandFrequencyDiversity...................227
5.4.5FastFadingChannel........................231
5.4.6TransmitterSideInformation...................236
Example5.3RateAdaptationinIS-856.............244
5.4.7Frequency-SelectiveFadingChannels............. ..247
5.4.8Summary:AShiftinPointofView................248
5.5BibliographicalNotes............................ 252
5.6Exercises...................................253
6MultiuserCapacityandOpportunisticCommunication266
6.1UplinkAWGNChannel..........................267
6.1.1CapacityviaSuccessiveInterferenceCancellation. .......267
6.1.2ComparisonwithConventionalCDMA..............271
6.1.3ComparisonwithOrthogonalMultipleAccess........ ..271
6.1.4General K-userUplinkCapacity..................273
6.2DownlinkAWGNChannel.........................275
6.2.1SymmetricCase:TwoCapacity-AchievingSchemes.... ...276
6.2.2GeneralCase:SuperpositionCodingAchievesCapacity.....279
Discussion6.1SIC:ImplementationIssues...........283
6.3UplinkFadingChannel...........................285
6.3.1SlowFadingChannel........................285
6.3.2FastFadingChannel........................287
6.3.3FullChannelSideInformation...................289
6.4DownlinkFadingChannel.........................292
6.4.1ChannelSideInformationatReceiverOnly.......... ..293
6.4.2FullChannelSideInformation...................294
6.5Frequency-SelectiveFadingChannels............... ....294
6.6MultiuserDiversity.............................295
6.6.1MultiuserDiversityGain......................295
6.6.2MultiuserversusClassicalDiversity............. ...298
6.7MultiuserDiversity:SystemAspects................ ...300
6.7.1FairSchedulingandMultiuserDiversity........... ..301
6.7.2ChannelPredictionandFeedback.................308
6.7.3OpportunisticBeamformingusingDumbAntennas..... ..309
6.7.4MultiuserDiversityinMulti-cellSystems......... ....318
6.7.5ASystemView...........................319
6.8BibliographicalNotes............................ 325
6.9Exercises...................................326
7MIMOI:SpatialMultiplexingandChannelModeling342
7.1MultiplexingCapabilityofDeterministicMIMOChannels.......343
7.1.1CapacityviaSingularValueDecomposition......... ..343
7.1.2RankandConditionNumber...................346
7.2PhysicalModelingofMIMOChannels.................. 347
7.2.1Line-of-SightSIMOchannel....................348
7.2.2Line-of-SightMISOChannel....................350
7.2.3Antennaarrayswithonlyaline-of-sightpath....... ...351
7.2.4Geographicallyseparatedantennas............... .352
7.2.5Line-of-sightplusonereflectedpath.............. ..359
7.3ModelingofMIMOFadingChannels...................364
7.3.1BasicApproach...........................364
7.3.2MIMOMultipathChannel.....................365
7.3.3AngularDomainRepresentationofSignals.......... ..367
7.3.4AngularDomainRepresentationofMIMOChannels..... ..370
7.3.5StatisticalModelingintheAngularDomain......... ..372
7.3.6DegreesofFreedomandDiversity.................372
Example7.1DegreesofFreedominClusteredResponseModels 375
7.3.7DependencyonAntennaSpacing.................380
7.3.8I.I.D.RayleighFadingModel...................387
7.4BibliographicalNotes............................ 390
7.5Exercises...................................390
8MIMOII:CapacityandMultiplexingArchitectures393
8.1TheV-BLASTArchitecture........................394
8.2FastFadingMIMOChannel........................396
8.2.1CapacitywithCSIatReceiver...................396
8.2.2PerformanceGains.........................399
8.2.3FullCSI...............................408
8.3ReceiverArchitectures........................... 411
8.3.1LinearDecorrelator.........................411
8.3.2SuccessiveCancellation.......................417
8.3.3LinearMMSEReceiver.......................419
8.3.4InformationTheoreticOptimality*............... .427
Discussion8.1ConnectionswithCDMAMultiuserDetection
andISIEqualization............................429
8.4SlowFadingMIMOChannel........................431
8.5D-BLAST:AnOutage-OptimalArchitecture............ ...433
8.5.1Sub-optimalityofV-BLAST....................433
8.5.2CodingAcrossTransmitAntennas-BLAST.......... 435
8.5.3Discussion..............................438
8.6BibliographicalNotes............................ 440
8.7Exercises...................................440
9MIMOIIIiversity-MultiplexingTradeoffandUniversalSpace-Time
Codes 451
9.1Diversity-MultiplexingTradeoff................... ...452
9.1.1Formulation.............................452
9.1.2ScalarRayleighChannel......................454
9.1.3ParallelRayleighChannel.....................458
9.1.4MISORayleighChannel......................459
9.1.52 × 2MIMORayleighChannel..................460
9.1.6 nt × nr MIMOi.i.d.RayleighChannel..............463
9.2UniversalCodeDesignforOptimalDiversity-MultiplexingTradeoff..467
9.2.1QAMisApproximatelyUniversalforScalarChannels.. ....468
9.2.2UniversalCodeDesignforParallelChannels........ ...470
9.2.3UniversalCodeDesignforMISOChannels............ 477
9.2.4UniversalCodeDesignforMIMOChannels...........481
Discussion9.1UniversalCodesintheDownlink........485
9.3BibliographicalNotes............................ 487
9.4Exercises...................................488
10MIMOIV:MultiuserCommunication497
10.1UplinkwithMultipleReceiveAntennas.............. ....498
10.1.1Space-DivisionMultipleAccess................. .498
10.1.2SDMACapacityRegion......................500
10.1.3SystemImplications........................503
10.1.4SlowFading.............................505
10.1.5FastFading.............................509
10.1.6MultiuserDiversityRevisited.................. .512
10.2MIMOUplink................................516
10.2.1SDMAwithMultipleTransmitAntennas............. 517
10.2.2SystemImplications........................521
10.2.3FastFading.............................521
10.3DownlinkwithMultipleTransmitAntennas........... ....523
10.3.1DegreesofFreedomintheDownlink...............523
10.3.2Uplink-DownlinkDualityandTransmitBeamforming. .....525
10.3.3PrecodingforInterferenceKnownatTransmitter... .....530
10.3.4Precodingforthedownlink.....................543
10.3.5FastFading.............................546
10.4MIMODownlink..............................549
10.5MultipleAntennasinCellularNetworks:ASystemView. .......552
10.5.1Inter-cellInterferenceManagement............. ...554
10.5.2UplinkwithMultipleReceiveAntennas............ ..555
10.5.3MIMOUplink............................557
10.5.4DownlinkwithMultipleReceiveAntennas.......... ..558
10.5.5DownlinkwithMultipleTransmitAntennas......... ..559
Example10.1SDMAinArrayCommSystems.........559
10.6BibliographicalNotes........................... .562
10.7Exercises...................................563
ADetectionandEstimationinAdditiveGaussianNoise579
A.1GaussianRandomVariables........................579
A.1.1ScalarRealGaussianRandomVariable.............. 579
A.1.2RealGaussianRandomVectors..................580
A.1.3ComplexGaussianRandomVectors................583
A.2DetectioninGaussianNoise........................ 586
A.2.1ScalarDetection..........................586
A.2.2DetectioninaVectorSpace....................587
A.2.3DetectioninaComplexVectorSpace...............591
A.3EstimationinGaussianNoise....................... 593
A.3.1ScalarEstimation..........................593
A.3.2EstimationinaVectorSpace...................594
A.3.3EstimationinaComplexVectorSpace..............595
A.4Exercises...................................597
BInformationTheoryBackground 599
B.1DiscreteMemorylessChannels...................... .599
ExampleB.1BinarySymmetricChannel............601
ExampleB.2BinaryErasureChannel..............601
B.2Entropy,ConditionalEntropyandMutualInformation.. .......602
ExampleB.3BinaryEntropy..................603
B.3NoisyChannelCodingTheorem......................605
B.3.1ReliableCommunicationandConditionalEntropy.... ....606
B.3.2ASimpleUpperBound.......................606
B.3.3AchievingtheUpperBound....................607
ExampleB.4BinarySymmetricChannel............609
ExampleB.5BinaryErasureChannel..............609
B.3.4OperationalInterpretation..................... 610
B.4FormalDerivationofAWGNCapacity.................. 610
B.4.1AnalogMemorylessChannels...................611
B.4.2DerivationofAWGNCapacity...................612
B.5SpherePackingInterpretation..................... ..613
B.5.1UpperBound............................613
B.5.2Achievability............................614
B.6Time-InvariantParallelChannel................... ..617
B.7CapacityoftheFastFadingChannel.................. .618
B.7.1ScalarFastFadingChannnel....................618
B.7.2FastFadingMIMOChannel....................619
B.8OutageFormulation............................620
B.9MultipleAccessChannel..........................622
B.9.1CapacityRegion..........................622
B.9.2CornerPointsoftheCapacityRegion............... 624
B.9.3FastFadingUplink.........................625
B.10Exercises...................................626