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Table of Contents – Book 1
Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................... xi
Terminology .......................................................................................... xiii
Section 1: CDMA2000 Indoor Network Planning .............................. 1-1
Course Objectives .................................................................................... 1-2
Introductions .......................................................................................... 1-3
Why Indoor Networks?............................................................................ 1-4
The Operator’s View................................................................................ 1-5
Design Approaches .................................................................................. 1-6
Building Penetration Loss........................................................................ 1-7
Building Penetration Tradeoffs................................................................ 1-8
What We Have Learned So Far ............................................................... 1-9
What We are Going to Learn ................................................................. 1-10
How We are Going to Learn It .............................................................. 1-11
Install a Repeater in Building 6 ............................................................. 1-12
Building 6 ........................................................................................ 1-13
Floor Plan of Building 6 ........................................................................ 1-14
Repeater Specifications.......................................................................... 1-15
How To Start? ........................................................................................ 1-16
Or You Could Read a Book ….............................................................. 1-17
Section 2: Installing a Repeater ............................................................ 2-1
Section Introduction................................................................................. 2-2
Section Learning Objectives .................................................................... 2-3
Visiting the Building................................................................................ 2-4
CDMA Repeaters
Design and Installation ............................................................... 2-5
Repeater Block Diagram.............................................................. 2-6
Recommendations........................................................................ 2-7
Repeater Setup Guidelines
Rooftop Measurements ................................................................ 2-8
Repeater System Configuration ................................................... 2-9
Feedback Hurts .......................................................................... 2-10
Input Signal
Determining the Signal .............................................................. 2-11
Repeating Input Signal............................................................... 2-13
Signal-to-Noise Ratio................................................................. 2-14
Derating for Multiple Carriers ............................................................... 2-15
Multiple CDMA Carriers
Good SNR.................................................................................. 2-16
Poor SNR................................................................................... 2-17
Other Repeater Issues – Link Balancing................................................ 2-18
Power Control Swings – Example ......................................................... 2-19
© 2004 QUALCOMM Incorporated
Table of Contents – Book 1
CDMA2000 Indoor Network Planning 80-W0128-1 Rev A
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Indoor RF Safety.................................................................................... 2-20
Repeater Output Power .......................................................................... 2-21
Task 1: Determine Repeater Gains ............................................ 2-22
Task 1: Determine Repeater Coverage ...................................... 2-23
Installing a Repeater – What We Learned ............................................. 2-24
Section 3: Repeater Link Budget.......................................................... 3-1
Section Introduction................................................................................. 3-2
Section Learning Objectives .................................................................... 3-3
Indoor Repeater Link Budget Considerations.......................................... 3-4
Forward Link ............................................................................... 3-5
Forward Link
Repeater Pilot Power.................................................................... 3-6
Interference from Other Cells ...................................................... 3-7
Mobile Receiver Noise ................................................................ 3-8
Pilot Ec/Io...................................................................................... 3-9
Transmission Loss ..................................................................... 3-10
Indoor Fading Statistics: Fade Margin....................................... 3-11
Max Allowable Path Loss.......................................................... 3-12
Reverse Link Budget.............................................................................. 3-13
Repeater Output to Base Station Output................................................ 3-14
Computing GT ........................................................................................ 3-15
The GT Rule .......................................................................................... 3-16
Repeater Coverage for R-4 ................................................................... 3-17
Reverse Link
Indoor Repeater Link Budget..................................................... 3-18
Receiver Noise ........................................................................... 3-19
Interference from Other Mobiles ............................................... 3-20
Rise over Thermal...................................................................... 3-21
Repeaters Without Diversity...................................................... 3-22
Diversity..................................................................................... 3-23
Required SNR (Ec/Io) ................................................................. 3-24
MAPL ........................................................................................ 3-25
Soft Handoff........................................................................................... 3-26
Repeater Link Budget Summary............................................................ 3-27
Repeater Link Budget – What We Learned........................................... 3-28
Section 4: Indoor Propagation Models ................................................ 4-1
Section Introduction................................................................................. 4-2
Section Learning Objectives .................................................................... 4-3
In-Building Coverage............................................................................... 4-4
Indoor Path Loss Models ......................................................................... 4-7
Indoor Propagation Models...................................................................... 4-8
Introduction to Indoor Models ..................................................... 4-9
© 2004 QUALCOMM Incorporated
Table of Contents – Book 1
CDMA2000 Indoor Network Planning 80-W0128-1 Rev A
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Non-Site-Specific Models...................................................................... 4-10
Free Space Radio Propagation................................................... 4-11
rn Radio Propagation.................................................................. 4-12
Inverse Exponent Law ............................................................... 4-13
Distance Dependent Exponent................................................... 4-14
Free Space Loss Plus Linear Loss ............................................. 4-15
Linear Loss Models.................................................................... 4-16
Model Comparison..................................................................... 4-17
Pizza Pie Design ........................................................................ 4-18
Site-Specific Models.............................................................................. 4-19
Count the Obstructions .............................................................. 4-20
Keenan-Motley .......................................................................... 4-21
Wall and Partition Loss Values
Table 1 ....................................................................................... 4-22
Table 2 ....................................................................................... 4-23
Table 3 ....................................................................................... 4-24
Table 4 ....................................................................................... 4-25
Table 5 ....................................................................................... 4-26
Indoor Radio Channel Summary ........................................................... 4-27
Indoor Propagation Models – What We Learned .................................. 4-28
Section 5: Pizza Pie Design.................................................................... 5-1
Section Introduction................................................................................. 5-2
Section Learning Objectives .................................................................... 5-3
Pizza Pie Design
Four Steps to Determine Pizza Radius......................................... 5-4
Building 6 Coverage Requirement............................................... 5-5
Link Budget Review.................................................................... 5-6
Which Propagation Model? ......................................................... 5-7
Simplified Design Method........................................................... 5-8
Task 2
Perform Pizza Design of Building 6 ............................................ 5-9
Building 6, 1st Floor .................................................................. 5-10
Building 6, 2nd Floor................................................................. 5-11
Discussion.................................................................................. 5-12
Site-Specific Models
Single Antenna Example............................................................ 5-13
Detailed Building Data Required............................................... 5-14
Pizza Pie Design – What We Learned ................................................... 5-15
Section 6: Distributed Antenna Systems.............................................. 6-1
Section Introduction................................................................................. 6-2
Section Learning Objectives .................................................................... 6-3
© 2004 QUALCOMM Incorporated
Table of Contents – Book 1
CDMA2000 Indoor Network Planning 80-W0128-1 Rev A
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In-Building Distribution
Distributed Antenna Systems....................................................... 6-4
Technologies ................................................................................ 6-6
Distribution Networks
Passive RF.................................................................................... 6-7
Active RF..................................................................................... 6-8
Leaky Coax .................................................................................. 6-9
Fiber ........................................................................................ 6-11
Antenna Placement ................................................................................ 6-12
Determining Losses
What is My New MAPL with a DAS? ...................................... 6-18
What is My DAS Net Loss?....................................................... 6-19
What is My Leaky Coax Net Loss? ........................................... 6-21
MAPL Values ............................................................................ 6-22
Removing Coverage Antenna .................................................... 6-23
MAPL Values with a DAS ........................................................ 6-24
MAPL Values with Leaky Coax................................................ 6-25
Distributed Antenna Systems – What We Learned ............................... 6-26
Section 7: DAS Pizzas ............................................................................ 7-1
Section Introduction................................................................................. 7-2
Section Learning Objectives .................................................................... 7-3
Indoor Repeater with Equal Loss DAS.................................................... 7-4
Pizza Pie Design Two-Antenna Example ................................................ 7-5
What is Coverage on 1st Floor from 2nd Floor? ......................... 7-8
Place Two Complementary Antennas on 1st Floor7 ................... 7-9
Two Antenna Example (continued) ........................................... 7-10
What is Coverage on 2nd Floor from 1st Floor? ....................... 7-11
Four Antennas at Corners ...................................................................... 7-12
Leaky Coax Coverage
Leaky Coax “Hot Dog” Task..................................................... 7-15
Leaky Coax Antenna Example .................................................. 7-16
DAS Pizzas – What We Learned........................................................... 7-17
Section 8: Site-Specific Modeling and Design Tools ........................... 8-1
Section Introduction................................................................................. 8-2
Section Learning Objectives .................................................................... 8-3
DAS Pizza Solution Review.................................................................... 8-4
BigCo Campus Issues
Building 6..................................................................................... 8-5
Repeater Positioning .................................................................... 8-6
Building 6 Issues
Floor Layout................................................................................. 8-7
DAS Design ................................................................................. 8-8
© 2004 QUALCOMM Incorporated
Table of Contents – Book 1
CDMA2000 Indoor Network Planning 80-W0128-1 Rev A
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Site Planner Examples ............................................................................. 8-9
Two-Antenna Design............................................................................. 8-10
Four Antennas at Building Corners ....................................................... 8-13
Leaky Coax “Hot Dog” Example .......................................................... 8-14
Composite RSSI for Indoor and Outdoor Cells ..................................... 8-15
Handoff Zones ....................................................................................... 8-16
INP Design Tools
Existing Tools ............................................................................ 8-17
Tool Summaries ......................................................................... 8-18
Site-Specific Modeling and Design Tools – What We Learned............ 8-25
Section 9: Repeater Network Engineering .......................................... 9-1
Section Introduction................................................................................. 9-2
Section Learning Objectives .................................................................... 9-3
Where Are We At?................................................................................... 9-4
CDMA Handoff Review.......................................................................... 9-5
The User Experience
Indoor Networks .......................................................................... 9-6
Handin and Handout .................................................................... 9-7
Repeaters...................................................................................... 9-8
Same-Sector Transitions .................................................. 9-9
New Sector Transitions.................................................. 9-10
PN Offsets
Review ....................................................................................... 9-11
Pilot PN Offset: Short Code Space ............................................ 9-12
PILOT_INC Parameter .............................................................. 9-13
PN Planning: Typical Reuse Scheme ........................................ 9-14
Neighbor List: Example Message from Base Station ................ 9-15
The Pilot Searching Process
Review ....................................................................................... 9-16
Pilot Sets .................................................................................... 9-17
Search Window Sizes ................................................................ 9-18
Search Windows: System Timeline........................................... 9-19
Time Delay
Relative to Base Station............................................................. 9-20
Mobile Timing Relative to Base Station.................................... 9-21
Fiber Repeater: Case 1 ............................................................... 9-22
Mobile Handoff.............................................................. 9-23
Fiber Repeater: Case 2 ............................................................... 9-24
Mobile Handoff.............................................................. 9-25
Repeater in Building 6 ........................................................................... 9-27
Location Based Services (LBS) ............................................................. 9-28
Location Based Services – A-GPS/AFLT ............................................. 9-29
The Repeater / DAS Design is Complete .............................................. 9-30
Repeater Network Engineering – What We Learned ............................ 9-31