詞語解釋
單臂路由是指在一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,所有節(jié)點都只能通過一個單獨的路由器來訪問外部網(wǎng)絡(luò)。單臂路由是一種簡單的網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù),它只有一條路徑可以到達(dá)外部網(wǎng)絡(luò),而不是多條路徑。 單臂路由是一種簡單的網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù),它可以有效地減少網(wǎng)絡(luò)的復(fù)雜性,并減少網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理的復(fù)雜性。它的優(yōu)點在于它可以有效地提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)的可靠性,因為它只有一條路徑可以到達(dá)外部網(wǎng)絡(luò),所以如果這條路徑出現(xiàn)故障,可以很容易地恢復(fù)。 單臂路由也可以用于安全網(wǎng)絡(luò),因為它只有一條路徑可以到達(dá)外部網(wǎng)絡(luò),所以可以有效地防止外部攻擊者進(jìn)入網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 單臂路由也可以用于實現(xiàn)虛擬私有網(wǎng)絡(luò)(VPN),可以有效地隔離網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的內(nèi)部和外部網(wǎng)絡(luò),從而提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)的安全性。 單臂路由也可以用于實現(xiàn)虛擬專用網(wǎng)絡(luò)(VLAN),可以有效地隔離網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的內(nèi)部和外部網(wǎng)絡(luò),從而提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)的安全性。 單臂路由也可以用于實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)控,可以有效地監(jiān)控網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的數(shù)據(jù)流量,從而提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)的安全性。 總之,單臂路由是一種簡單的網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)洌梢杂行У靥岣呔W(wǎng)絡(luò)的可靠性,安全性和監(jiān)控性,是一種常用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)洹? 目標(biāo):通過路由器進(jìn)行多個VLAN互聯(lián) 環(huán)境:1. 交換機(jī)為二層交換機(jī),支持VLAN劃分;2. 路由器只有1個Ethernet接口 實施:采用單臂路由,即在路由器上設(shè)置多個邏輯子接口,每個子接口對應(yīng)于一個VLAN。由于物理路由接口只有一個,各子接口的數(shù)據(jù)在物理鏈路上傳遞要進(jìn)行標(biāo)記封裝。Cisco設(shè)備支持ISL和802.1q協(xié)議。華為設(shè)備只支持802.1q。 單臂路由的配置實例 2600 IOS需求:IP Plus (c2600-ik8s-mz-122.15.T.bin) Current configuration: ! version 12.1 service timestamps debug uptime service timestamps log uptime no service password-encryption ! hostname c2600 ! no logging console enable password mysecret ! ! ! ! ! ip subnet-zero ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! interface FastEthernet0/0 no ip address duplex auto speed auto ! interface FastEthernet0/0.1 encapsulation isl 1 ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0 no ip redirects ! !-- If 802.1Q is configured, !-- you will instead see the following output !-- under interface FastEthernet0/0.1: !-- interface FastEthernet0/0.1 !-- encapsulation dot1Q 1 native !-- ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0 ! ! interface FastEthernet0/0.2 encapsulation isl 2 ip address 10.10.11.1 255.255.255.0 no ip redirects ! !-- If 802.1Q is configured, !-- you will instead see the following output !-- under interface FastEthernet0/0.2: !-- interface FastEthernet0/0.2 !-- encapsulation dot1Q 2 !-- ip address 10.10.11.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface FastEthernet0/1 no ip address shutdown duplex auto speed auto ! ip classless no ip http server ! ! ! line con 0 transport input none line aux 0 line vty 0 4 password mysecret login ! no scheduler allocate end 華為路由器單臂路由 需求:在局域網(wǎng)中,通過交換機(jī)上配置VLAN可以減少主機(jī)通信廣播域的范圍,當(dāng)VLAN之間有部分主機(jī)需要通信,但交換機(jī)不支持三層交換時,可以采用一臺 支持802.1Q的路由器實現(xiàn)VLAN的互通.這需要在以太口上建立子接口,分配IP地址作為該VLAN的網(wǎng)關(guān),同時啟動802.1Q. 組網(wǎng):路由器E0端口與交換機(jī)的上行trunk端口(第24端口)相連,交換機(jī)下行口劃分3個VLAN,帶若干主機(jī). 1.路由器的配置 [Router] [Router]inter e0 [Router-Ethernet0]ip add 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 [Router-Ethernet0]inter e0.1 //定義子接口E0.1 [Router-Ethernet0.1]ip add 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0 [Router-Ethernet0.1]vlan-type dot1q vid 1 //指定以太網(wǎng)子接口屬于VLAN1,此命令應(yīng)用在以太網(wǎng)子接口上。只有配置了該命令之后,以太網(wǎng)子接口才會根據(jù)配置的VLAN ID 號在以太網(wǎng)幀頭中嵌入VLAN 標(biāo)簽,與該網(wǎng)口相連的交換機(jī)接口才能正確處理接收到的幀。 [Router-Ethernet0.1]inter e0.2 //定義子接口E0.2 [Router-Ethernet0.2]ip add 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0 [Router-Ethernet0.2]vlan-type dot1q vid 2 //指定以太網(wǎng)子接口屬于VLAN2 [Router-Ethernet0.2]inter e0.3 //定義子接口E0.3 [Router-Ethernet0.3]ip add 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0 [Router-Ethernet0.3]vlan-type dot1q vid 3 //指定以太網(wǎng)子接口屬于VLAN3 [Router-Ethernet0.3]inter e0 [Router-Ethernet0]undo shut % Interface Ethernet0 is up [Router-Ethernet0] //用網(wǎng)線將E0端口連到S3026第24端口 %19:46:32: Interface Ethernet0 changed state to UP %19:46:32: Line protocol ip on interface Ethernet0, changed state to UP %19:46:32: Line protocol ip on interface Ethernet0.1, changed state to UP %19:46:32: Line protocol ip on interface Ethernet0.2, changed state to UP %19:46:32: Line protocol ip on interface Ethernet0.3, changed state to UP 2.交換機(jī)的配置 sys Enter system view , return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Quidway]vlan 1 [Quidway-vlan1]vlan 2 [Quidway-vlan2]port ethernet 0/17 to eth 0/19 eth 0/22 //將第17至19端口,和第22端口加入VLAN2 [Quidway-vlan2]vlan 3 [Quidway-vlan3]port eth 0/21 //將第21端口加入VLAN2 [Quidway-vlan3]inter e0/24 [Quidway-Ethernet0/24]port link-type trunk //將第24端口設(shè)為trunk口 [Quidway-Ethernet0/24]port trunk permit vlan all //允許所有VLAN流量通過 Please wait........................................... Done. [Quidway-Ethernet0/24]dis port trunk //檢驗TRUNK口配置 Now, the following trunking ports exist: Ethernet0/24 [Quidway-Ethernet0/24]dis vlan 2 //檢驗VLAN2的配置 VLAN ID: 2 VLAN Type: static Route Interface: not configured Des cription: VLAN 0002 Tagged Ports: Ethernet0/24 Untagged Ports: Ethernet0/17 Ethernet0/18 Ethernet0/19 Ethernet0/22 [Quidway-Ethernet0/24]dis vlan 3 //檢驗VLAN3的配置 VLAN ID: 3 VLAN Type: static Route Interface: not configured Des cription: VLAN 0003 Tagged Ports: Ethernet0/24 Untagged Ports: Ethernet0/21 3.在工作站上檢查網(wǎng)絡(luò)是否連通。此工作站連接S3026第21端口,屬于VLAN2。 C:Documents and SettingsAdministrator>ipconfig windows 2000 IP Configuration Ethernet adapter 本地連接: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 172.16.2.22 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 172.16.2.1 C:Documents and SettingsAdministrator>ping 172.16.3.1 Pinging 172.16.3.1 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 172.16.3.1: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=255 Reply from 172.16.3.1: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=255 Reply from 172.16.3.1: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=255 Reply from 172.16.3.1: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=255 Ping statistics for 172.16.3.1: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms 4.在路由器上查看路由表。可以發(fā)現(xiàn),由于172.16各網(wǎng)段都是直連路由,故不需啟用路由協(xié)議或靜態(tài)路由即能實現(xiàn)VLAN之間的通訊。 [Router]display ip routing-table Routing Tables: Destination/Mask Proto Pref Metric Nexthop Interface 10.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 10.0.0.1 Ethernet0 10.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 172.16.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 172.16.1.1 Ethernet0.1 172.16.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 172.16.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 172.16.2.1 Ethernet0.2 172.16.2.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 172.16.3.0/24 Direct 0 0 172.16.3.1 Ethernet0.3 172.16.3.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
目標(biāo):通過路由器進(jìn)行多個VLAN互聯(lián) 環(huán)境:1. 交換機(jī)為二層交換機(jī),支持VLAN劃分;2. 路由器只有1個Ethernet接口 實施:采用單臂路由,即在路由器上設(shè)置多個邏輯子接口,每個子接口對應(yīng)于一個VLAN。由于物理路由接口只有一個,各子接口的數(shù)據(jù)在物理鏈路上傳遞要進(jìn)行標(biāo)記封裝。Cisco設(shè)備支持ISL和802.1q協(xié)議。華為設(shè)備只支持802.1q。 單臂路由的配置實例 2600 IOS需求:IP Plus (c2600-ik8s-mz-122.15.T.bin) Current configuration: ! version 12.1 service timestamps debug uptime service timestamps log uptime no service password-encryption ! hostname c2600 ! no logging console enable password mysecret ! ! ! ! ! ip subnet-zero ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! interface FastEthernet0/0 no ip address duplex auto speed auto ! interface FastEthernet0/0.1 encapsulation isl 1 ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0 no ip redirects ! !-- If 802.1Q is configured, !-- you will instead see the following output !-- under interface FastEthernet0/0.1: !-- interface FastEthernet0/0.1 !-- encapsulation dot1Q 1 native !-- ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0 ! ! interface FastEthernet0/0.2 encapsulation isl 2 ip address 10.10.11.1 255.255.255.0 no ip redirects ! !-- If 802.1Q is configured, !-- you will instead see the following output !-- under interface FastEthernet0/0.2: !-- interface FastEthernet0/0.2 !-- encapsulation dot1Q 2 !-- ip address 10.10.11.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface FastEthernet0/1 no ip address shutdown duplex auto speed auto ! ip classless no ip http server ! ! ! line con 0 transport input none line aux 0 line vty 0 4 password mysecret login ! no scheduler allocate end 華為路由器單臂路由 需求:在局域網(wǎng)中,通過交換機(jī)上配置VLAN可以減少主機(jī)通信廣播域的范圍,當(dāng)VLAN之間有部分主機(jī)需要通信,但交換機(jī)不支持三層交換時,可以采用一臺 支持802.1Q的路由器實現(xiàn)VLAN的互通.這需要在以太口上建立子接口,分配IP地址作為該VLAN的網(wǎng)關(guān),同時啟動802.1Q. 組網(wǎng):路由器E0端口與交換機(jī)的上行trunk端口(第24端口)相連,交換機(jī)下行口劃分3個VLAN,帶若干主機(jī). 1.路由器的配置 [Router] [Router]inter e0 [Router-Ethernet0]ip add 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 [Router-Ethernet0]inter e0.1 //定義子接口E0.1 [Router-Ethernet0.1]ip add 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0 [Router-Ethernet0.1]vlan-type dot1q vid 1 //指定以太網(wǎng)子接口屬于VLAN1,此命令應(yīng)用在以太網(wǎng)子接口上。只有配置了該命令之后,以太網(wǎng)子接口才會根據(jù)配置的VLAN ID 號在以太網(wǎng)幀頭中嵌入VLAN 標(biāo)簽,與該網(wǎng)口相連的交換機(jī)接口才能正確處理接收到的幀。 [Router-Ethernet0.1]inter e0.2 //定義子接口E0.2 [Router-Ethernet0.2]ip add 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0 [Router-Ethernet0.2]vlan-type dot1q vid 2 //指定以太網(wǎng)子接口屬于VLAN2 [Router-Ethernet0.2]inter e0.3 //定義子接口E0.3 [Router-Ethernet0.3]ip add 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0 [Router-Ethernet0.3]vlan-type dot1q vid 3 //指定以太網(wǎng)子接口屬于VLAN3 [Router-Ethernet0.3]inter e0 [Router-Ethernet0]undo shut % Interface Ethernet0 is up [Router-Ethernet0] //用網(wǎng)線將E0端口連到S3026第24端口 %19:46:32: Interface Ethernet0 changed state to UP %19:46:32: Line protocol ip on interface Ethernet0, changed state to UP %19:46:32: Line protocol ip on interface Ethernet0.1, changed state to UP %19:46:32: Line protocol ip on interface Ethernet0.2, changed state to UP %19:46:32: Line protocol ip on interface Ethernet0.3, changed state to UP 2.交換機(jī)的配置 sys Enter system view , return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Quidway]vlan 1 [Quidway-vlan1]vlan 2 [Quidway-vlan2]port ethernet 0/17 to eth 0/19 eth 0/22 //將第17至19端口,和第22端口加入VLAN2 [Quidway-vlan2]vlan 3 [Quidway-vlan3]port eth 0/21 //將第21端口加入VLAN2 [Quidway-vlan3]inter e0/24 [Quidway-Ethernet0/24]port link-type trunk //將第24端口設(shè)為trunk口 [Quidway-Ethernet0/24]port trunk permit vlan all //允許所有VLAN流量通過 Please wait........................................... Done. [Quidway-Ethernet0/24]dis port trunk //檢驗TRUNK口配置 Now, the following trunking ports exist: Ethernet0/24 [Quidway-Ethernet0/24]dis vlan 2 //檢驗VLAN2的配置 VLAN ID: 2 VLAN Type: static Route Interface: not configured Des cription: VLAN 0002 Tagged Ports: Ethernet0/24 Untagged Ports: Ethernet0/17 Ethernet0/18 Ethernet0/19 Ethernet0/22 [Quidway-Ethernet0/24]dis vlan 3 //檢驗VLAN3的配置 VLAN ID: 3 VLAN Type: static Route Interface: not configured Des cription: VLAN 0003 Tagged Ports: Ethernet0/24 Untagged Ports: Ethernet0/21 3.在工作站上檢查網(wǎng)絡(luò)是否連通。此工作站連接S3026第21端口,屬于VLAN2。 C:Documents and SettingsAdministrator>ipconfig windows 2000 IP Configuration Ethernet adapter 本地連接: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 172.16.2.22 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 172.16.2.1 C:Documents and SettingsAdministrator>ping 172.16.3.1 Pinging 172.16.3.1 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 172.16.3.1: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=255 Reply from 172.16.3.1: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=255 Reply from 172.16.3.1: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=255 Reply from 172.16.3.1: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=255 Ping statistics for 172.16.3.1: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms 4.在路由器上查看路由表。可以發(fā)現(xiàn),由于172.16各網(wǎng)段都是直連路由,故不需啟用路由協(xié)議或靜態(tài)路由即能實現(xiàn)VLAN之間的通訊。 [Router]display ip routing-table Routing Tables: Destination/Mask Proto Pref Metric Nexthop Interface 10.0.0.0/24 Direct 0 0 10.0.0.1 Ethernet0 10.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 172.16.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 172.16.1.1 Ethernet0.1 172.16.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 172.16.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 172.16.2.1 Ethernet0.2 172.16.2.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0 172.16.3.0/24 Direct 0 0 172.16.3.1 Ethernet0.3 172.16.3.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
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